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Wildlife and Nature Ponds Design Tips

Wildlife and nature pools have become increasingly popular as we all become more aware of the environment around us and want to encourage wildlife into the garden. These ponds are not only truly beautiful, and very educational for children but you will also be helping the eco system of your whole garden... Did you know having a pool encourages frogs and toads, which eat slugs! You will also be visited by more birds and wildlife, some you may not have seen before.

To ensure a good balance in these pools you will need to ensure ample planting areas are built into the pool to support plants which in time will cover up to two thirds of the pool’s surface area. Although these ponds will support some fish stocks, it is important to avoid fish such as Koi and Orfe. Fish should also be introduced very gradually as the plants grow and mature.

Over a period of time, as the new plants mature and, along with naturally occurring helpful bacteria, which absorb and digest any toxins left by fish and rotting organic waste, the pool will begin to balance and the water to clear. It must be remembered that this could take up to eighteen months to achieve. However the end result can be magnificent, attracting a host of wildlife along with a splendid display of aquatic plants.

Usually these ponds do not require full filtration as described on the next page, however they will benefit from being circulated by a pump to maintain oxygen levels. This assists in the maintenance of a healthy balance of helpful bacteria and avoids the water becoming stagnant.


 

Tips for Wildlife and Natural Ponds

  • Design planting areas to support plants to cover two thirds of the pool.
  • Although filtration is not always necessary, a pump will help oxygenation. 
  • Minimise fish stocks, avoiding Koi and Orfe, Introduce fish over a period of time.
  • Remove dead vegetation and leaves in the autumn.
  • The larger the pond, the easier it is to maintain a healthy balance.
   

Native Fish

 
Rudd
A very active fish with red tipped fins. Will do best in larger wildlife ponds as they can breed quickly. Due to their active nature they can unsettle fish such as Koi if not given enough room.
Tench
Great bottom feeders, being green in colour and rarely seen. They play an important part in a pond’s ecosystem by foraging through the debris. Requires well planted ponds with plenty of cover.
Tench
Roach
A good native fish for the wildlife pond growing to an average length of 20 cm. Capable of rapid breeding, the male fish can be identified by white spots in the spring. Should really only be kept in a sizable pond.
Roach
Minnow
A fish growing up to 10cms. Ideal in small ponds. Will not uproot plants. Mid water insect feeder. Does best in shoals of 6 or more. Breeds rapidly where larger fish aren’t eating its eggs. Ideal substitute for Orfe in a small pond.
Minnow
   

Native Plants

Nymphaea Alba Nymphaea Alba
Water Lily, deep water plant
Aponogeton Distachyum Aponogeton Distachyum
Water Hawthorn, deep water plant
Stratiotes Aloides Stratiotes Aloides
Water Soldier, floating plants
  Caltha Palustris Caltha Palustris
Marsh Marigold, marginal plant
Mentha Aquatica Mentha Aquatica
Water Mint, marginal plant 
  Ceratophyllum Demersum Ceratophyllum Demersum
Hornwort, deep water oxygenator
Hottonia Palustris Hottonia Palustris
Water Violet, marginal or deep water plant
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